cocoa_chen

iOS使用ProtocolBuffers

2016-03-25

Protocol buffers是谷歌出品的语言中立、跟平台无关、可扩展的工具,用来序列化/反序列化数据。相比XML和JSON要轻便灵活,原生支持C++,Java和Python。这里主要介绍跟iOS上如何使用Protobuf。

安装ProtoBuf

1.安装Homebrew,终端输入brew -v检查是否安装,如果未安装,输入下行命令安装

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ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

2.安装Protobuf的主要编译工具

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brew install automake
brew install libtool
brew install protobuf

因为我在执行brew install protobuf时一直超时,只好从github上把文件下载下来安装,如果你安装成功,则调过这里直接执行第3步。

brew install protobuf失败解决方案:
下载https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/download/v2.6.1/protobuf-2.6.1.tar.bz2文件并解压,cd进入文件目录,依次下列命令

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./autogen.sh
./configure
make
make install

3.安装protoc-gen-objc,因为Google原生不支持objc,所以这里需要通过protoc-gen-objc插件来编译生成Objective-C代码

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git clone https://github.com/alexeyxo/protobuf-objc.git
cd protobuf-objc
./scripts/build.sh

此时/usr/local/bin目录下会有protoc和protoc-gen-objc两个文件,一切顺利。

使用ProtoBuf

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cd ~/Desktop/
mkdir ProtoBuf
cd ProtoBuf
vi User.proto

输入以下proto内容示例,然后按esc,输入:wq保存退出

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package com.rpc.proto;

message User
{
required int64 id = 1;
required string account = 2;
required string passwd = 3;
required string nickname = 4;
optional string avatar = 5;
}

使用下列命令生成Objective-C代码

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protoc --plugin=/usr/local/bin/protoc-gen-objc *.proto --objc_out="./"

新建Xcode工程,添加Podfile,输入下列内容并执行pod install

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pod 'ProtocolBuffers'

将ProtoBuf目录下生成的User.pb.h和User.pb.m文件拖入Workspace工程。

序列化示例:

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UserBuilder *builder = [User builder];
builder.id = 1;
builder.account = @"user";
builder.passwd = @"passwd";
builder.nickname = @"cocoa_chen";
builder.avatar = @"http://*****"; //optional
User *user = [builder build];
NSData *data = [user data];

反序列化示例:

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NSData *data = ...;
User *user = [User parseFromData:data];

PB对象属性如何更新:

Protobuf默认编译出来的对象属性都是readonly的,我们没办法直接修改,当然也可以用上面的方法重新build一遍,也可以重新建一个Model文件,将PB对象的内容赋值给我们自定义的Model对象。这里可以用objc的关联属性来实现一种读取+写入的方式,新建一个NSObject的Category,名字为EXTParams,代码如下:

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//NSObject+EXTParams.h文件内容
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface NSObject (EXTParams)

- (void)setExtParams:(id)param forKey:(NSString *)key;

- (id)extParamForKey:(NSString *)key;

- (void)removeExtParamsForKey:(NSString *)key;

- (void)removeAllExtParams;

#pragma mark - PB对象的赋值和读取
- (id)pbValueForKey:(NSString *)key;

- (void)setPBValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;

@end

//NSObject+EXTParams.m文件内容
#import "NSObject+EXTParams.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

static char kObjectExtParamsKey;

@implementation NSObject (EXTParams)

- (void)setExtParams:(id)param forKey:(NSString *)key
{
NSMutableDictionary *extParams = (NSMutableDictionary *)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, & kObjectExtParamsKey);
if (!extParams) {
extParams = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kObjectExtParamsKey, extParams, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
[extParams setValue:param forKey:key];
}

- (id)extParamForKey:(NSString *)key
{
NSMutableDictionary *extParams = (NSMutableDictionary *)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kObjectExtParamsKey);
if (!extParams) {
return nil;
}
id param = [extParams valueForKey:key];
return param;
}
- (void)removeExtParamsForKey:(NSString *)key
{
NSMutableDictionary *extParams = (NSMutableDictionary *)objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &kObjectExtParamsKey);
if (!extParams)
return;
[extParams setValue:nil forKey:key];
}
- (void)removeAllExtParams
{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &kObjectExtParamsKey, nil, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
#pragma mark - PB对象的赋值和读取
- (id)pbValueForKey:(NSString *)key
{
id extValue = [self extParamForKey:key];
if (extValue) {
return extValue;
}
return [self valueForKey:key];
}
- (void)setPBValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key
{
[self setExtParams:value forKey:key];
}
@end

假如需要对上面的User对象更新nickname属性,读取+写入的方法就成了下面的方式:

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//user为上面的User对象
//更新数据
[user setPBValue:@"another name" forKey:@"nickname"];
//读取时不再使用user.nickname,改为下面的方法读取
NSString *nickName = [user pbValueForKey:@"nickname"];

关联是解决对象属性readonly不能更新的方案之一,我们项目中用的是自定义一个对应的Model,其余方法就不涉及了。

参考

Tags: iOS
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